captain of industry

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The "Great Entrepreneurs" exhibit will feature large mirrors in which, as you approach, an image of an American captain of industry will "come to life.
“伟大企业家”展览的特色在于其内部设置有多面大镜子。当你走近镜子时，一位美国工业领袖的肖像会“复活”。
www.21stcentury.com.cn
The choice was to be a journeyman developer or become a manager, and I've never wanted to be a manager -- at least not a manager who went for an MBA and had ambitions to be a captain of industry.
我的选择就是要做一个技术熟练的开发人员还是成为一名经理，而我从来没有想要成为一名经理--至少没想成为一名拥有 MBA 学位并立志成为业内领军人的经理。
Transition Four: Captain of Industry to 'Venture Philanthropist'
转变之四：从商业巨头到“创投慈善家”

In a sign of its economic ambitions, the government later appointed a former captain of industry as its ambassador to China.
ECONOMIST: Friends and neighbours
Now 61, he looks more old-world captain of industry than technology seer.
ECONOMIST: The re-education of Roger Ackerman
Notably the new chair of AHIP as of July is from a tiny nonprofit Blue Cross plan in Tennessee, not exactly a captain of the industry.
FORBES: Big Five Insurers To Break With AHIP, Karen Ignagni--Really?

a person who has an important job in industry and who can influence company and national planning

You can refer to the owners or senior managers of industrial companies as captains of industry.